This study examines a relatively underexplored topic in accounting literature: the disclosure of intangible assets, particularly those associated with professional football teams. It longitudinally analyzes the evolution of the proportion of such intangibles within the total assets of the largest Portuguese Sports Corporations (Sociedades Anónimas Desportivas - SADs) and assesses their compliance with mandatory disclosure requirements under International Accounting Standards (IASs) 36 and 38. Adopting a mixed-method approach that combines qualitative content analysis with quantitative descriptive analysis of the consolidated annual reports from 2017 to 2023, this study reveals that squad values represent a significant share of total assets, ranging from 16% to 36%, with Sporting SAD standing out. Sports passes account for over 97% of intangible assets in most SADs, except Benfica SAD, where they reach a maximum of 74%. Regarding disclosure compliance, the SADs of Benfica, Porto, and Sporting exhibit an average compliance index of 67% in the “Intangible Assets – Squad Value” category, while Braga’s SAD reports only 45%. For the “Other Intangible Assets” category, compliance levels are lower. The most frequently disclosed elements include the useful life of assets, amortization rates, and reconciliation of carrying amounts. In contrast, the least reported items relate to impairment losses and the estimation of recoverable amounts. These findings contribute to expanding the empirical evidence on disclosure practices in a unique and under-researched context, but economically significant industry - professional football - and highlighting persistent gaps in transparency, particularly regarding IAS 36. The study also offers practical insights for SADs administrators, managers, regulatory bodies, and stakeholders concerned with the financial transparency of sports entities.

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Disclosure of Intangible Assets: Evidence from Portuguese Football Clubs

  • Mário Reimão,
  • Carla Carvalho

摘要

This study examines a relatively underexplored topic in accounting literature: the disclosure of intangible assets, particularly those associated with professional football teams. It longitudinally analyzes the evolution of the proportion of such intangibles within the total assets of the largest Portuguese Sports Corporations (Sociedades Anónimas Desportivas - SADs) and assesses their compliance with mandatory disclosure requirements under International Accounting Standards (IASs) 36 and 38. Adopting a mixed-method approach that combines qualitative content analysis with quantitative descriptive analysis of the consolidated annual reports from 2017 to 2023, this study reveals that squad values represent a significant share of total assets, ranging from 16% to 36%, with Sporting SAD standing out. Sports passes account for over 97% of intangible assets in most SADs, except Benfica SAD, where they reach a maximum of 74%. Regarding disclosure compliance, the SADs of Benfica, Porto, and Sporting exhibit an average compliance index of 67% in the “Intangible Assets – Squad Value” category, while Braga’s SAD reports only 45%. For the “Other Intangible Assets” category, compliance levels are lower. The most frequently disclosed elements include the useful life of assets, amortization rates, and reconciliation of carrying amounts. In contrast, the least reported items relate to impairment losses and the estimation of recoverable amounts. These findings contribute to expanding the empirical evidence on disclosure practices in a unique and under-researched context, but economically significant industry - professional football - and highlighting persistent gaps in transparency, particularly regarding IAS 36. The study also offers practical insights for SADs administrators, managers, regulatory bodies, and stakeholders concerned with the financial transparency of sports entities.