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Surface soils in high-altitude mining areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are highly sensitive to environmental disturbances caused by mining activities. However, current research on the interaction between soil heavy metals and enzyme activities in this region remains limited. In this study, 33 surface soil samples were collected from the ancient alluvial gold mining area in Menshi, Ngari, Tibet, and its adjacent non-mining area. The contents of 7 heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb) and the activities of four soil enzymes (urease, sucrase, phosphatase, catalase) were determined. Statistical analyses were conducted using independent t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, Redundancy Analysis (RDA), Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), and Adonis test. The results showed that: (1) The contents of Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu in the non-mining area were significantly higher than those in the alluvial gold mining area (P < 0.05), which is presumably related to human activities in the non-mining area and natural remediation of the abandoned alluvial gold mining area; (2) There was no statistical difference in enzyme activities between the two areas, but their distribution characteristics were differentiated; (3) Heavy metals generally showed positive correlations with enzyme activities. RDA results indicated that samples from the non-mining area were closely associated with As, Zn, sucrase, and urease, while samples from the alluvial gold mining area had a more prominent association with catalase and phosphatase; (4) The two axes of PCoA together explained 96.28% of the total variation, and the Adonis test confirmed a significant overall difference between the two groups of sampling sites (R2 = 0.42, P = 0.014). Based on the unique habitat of the high-altitude alluvial gold mining area in Menshi, Ngari, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this study preliminarily reveals the differential characteristics and potential regulatory mechanisms between soil heavy metal contents and enzyme activities, providing a theoretical basis and data support for soil quality assessment and ecological restoration in high-altitude mining areas.

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Study on Differences and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metals in Surface Soils Between High-Altitude Mining and Non-mining Areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Xianzhi Wang,
  • Xiangqian Zhao,
  • Shuhan Zhang,
  • Bo Cai,
  • Xiaoxiao Zhang,
  • Yanlong Zhang

摘要

Surface soils in high-altitude mining areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are highly sensitive to environmental disturbances caused by mining activities. However, current research on the interaction between soil heavy metals and enzyme activities in this region remains limited. In this study, 33 surface soil samples were collected from the ancient alluvial gold mining area in Menshi, Ngari, Tibet, and its adjacent non-mining area. The contents of 7 heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb) and the activities of four soil enzymes (urease, sucrase, phosphatase, catalase) were determined. Statistical analyses were conducted using independent t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, Redundancy Analysis (RDA), Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), and Adonis test. The results showed that: (1) The contents of Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu in the non-mining area were significantly higher than those in the alluvial gold mining area (P < 0.05), which is presumably related to human activities in the non-mining area and natural remediation of the abandoned alluvial gold mining area; (2) There was no statistical difference in enzyme activities between the two areas, but their distribution characteristics were differentiated; (3) Heavy metals generally showed positive correlations with enzyme activities. RDA results indicated that samples from the non-mining area were closely associated with As, Zn, sucrase, and urease, while samples from the alluvial gold mining area had a more prominent association with catalase and phosphatase; (4) The two axes of PCoA together explained 96.28% of the total variation, and the Adonis test confirmed a significant overall difference between the two groups of sampling sites (R2 = 0.42, P = 0.014). Based on the unique habitat of the high-altitude alluvial gold mining area in Menshi, Ngari, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this study preliminarily reveals the differential characteristics and potential regulatory mechanisms between soil heavy metal contents and enzyme activities, providing a theoretical basis and data support for soil quality assessment and ecological restoration in high-altitude mining areas.