This study proposes an innovative process based on alkylation modification and successfully prepares three modified carbon-based materials through chemical structural reorganization. The research details the evolution of physical and chemical properties, the regulatory mechanisms influencing combustion performance, and the materials' iodine adsorption capacity. The experimental results showed that alkylation modification significantly increased the loss on ignition of CGFA; the residual carbon skeleton was modified to form a well-developed porous structure, enhancing the iodine adsorption capacity. This study provides a new method for the resource utilization of industrial solid waste and offers valuable insights for environmental protection.