Rapid urbanization typically triggers environmental pollution, with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pollution having garnered significant attention in recent years. A large number of factories and aquaculture facilities were once established in Baiyangdian Basin, leading to PFAS pollution in this region. However, how have the eco-health risks of PFAS in Baiyangdian Basin changed in recent years? This study comprehensively reviews the status of eco-health risks posed by PFAS in Baiyangdian Basin. The analysis reveals the following findings: In August 2017 and April 2018, snakehead (Channa argus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), crucian carp (Carassius auratus), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) exhibited potential bioaccumulation effects of PFAS. From 2016 to 2018, the amount of PFAS ingested through fish consumption in Baiyangdian did not pose a significant risk to human health; however, the health risks associated with long-term fish consumption cannot be ignored. Additionally, benthic fish are prone to PFAS accumulation, resulting in higher health risks compared to non-benthic fish. This study enhances our understanding of the eco-health risks of PFAS pollution in Baiyangdian Basin and provides a theoretical basis for PFAS risk prevention and control in this basin.