In Eastern Morocco, temporary aquatic habitats are key reservoirs of Culicidae biodiversity, with important ecological and public health implications. In this perspective, the present study surveyed 105 breeding sites across varied biogeographical zones, and categorizing 21 mosquito species from 5 genera, including major vectors such as Anopheles maculipennis and Culex pipiens. Seasonal dynamics reveal peak larval densities from spring to autumn, with notable species-specific variations. Anopheles sergentii is a Saharian species that indicates an expansion northwards suggesting potential impacts of climate change on vector distribution. The obtained results highlight the dual role that play Culicidae as bioindicators of wetland ecosystem health and as vectors of diseases such as malaria and West Nile virus. Integrated entomological surveillance and ecological management are indispensable for handling and mitigating emerging vector-borne disease risks in this understudied region.