Silk is a natural filament fiber that is sometimes called the “queen of textiles” because it is light, glossy, and comfortable. The fiber appears shiny due to its triangular cross-section, and it is very comfortable to wear because it is hydrophilic in nature. For hundreds of years, the delicate texture of the fiber has made it a valuable material for creating unique textile handicrafts throughout India. The cultivation of silk, often known as sericulture, involves the development of silk filaments inside the silk glands of insects, the production of silk products, such as yarns and fabrics, and the technology used to create these products, all of which connect science, technology, and culture. This subject is crucial for researchers, designers, and policymakers to comprehend in order to preserve India’s rich silk heritage while fostering innovation and sustainability in the textile industry. This chapter discusses various types of silk and their properties and the production of yarns and presents a map of India highlighting important silk products that cover almost all major Geographical Indications (GIs) designated as originating from different parts of the country. Later, the latest scenario of production, import, and export is also discussed. The chapter attempts to demonstrate how silk continues to serve as a symbol of cultural identity, economic vitality, and global craftsmanship in India, while also bridging the gaps between science, technology, and cultural values.