This study presents a multiscale thermal characterization of a cork-based multilayer material impacted at different temperatures, using active infrared thermography combining flash and step heating techniques. This approach allows thermal analysis over spatial scales ranging from 10 microns to several centimeters and temporal scales from 10 milliseconds to 1000 s. Such a wide range is rarely explored experimentally, particularly for multilayer systems of varying thickness. Short-time analysis (0.1 s post-flash) effectively identifies early delamination in the first layer and differentiates between compacted and detached impact regions. The material impacted at \(30^{\circ }\text {C}\) exhibits a significantly higher delaminated area (32,55%) than that impacted at \(-40^{\circ }\text {C}\) (13,34%), with more severe compaction at the impact center. Long-time analysis (more than 15 min) enables the estimation of key thermal parameters: the heat capacity of the flax/epoxy layer, the thermal contact resistance at the cork/flax interface, and the effusivity of the cork. These were derived using a simplified model and efficiently fitted using a linear least squares method. The results reveal that higher impact temperatures lead to more extensive damage, with marked changes in all three parameters. This highlights the potential of time-resolved infrared thermography for in-depth thermal and structural analysis of complex composite materials.