The use of environmentally friendly refrigerants such as propane (R290) has gained significant attention due to its low global warming potential and excellent thermodynamic properties. However, the flammability of propane presents safety concerns in case of leaks, especially in confined refrigeration compartments. This study investigates the dispersion behavior of propane gas following a leak using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A three-dimensional model of a compact refrigeration system was developed, and gas leakage was simulated using the Mixture model and k-ε turbulence model in Ansys Fluent. Two cases were analyzed; one without any ventilation and another with a fan operating at 0.4 m/s. The results showed that in the absence of ventilation, propane quickly accumulates near the floor and immediately enters the flammable range within seconds. When ventilation is active, the concentration of propane decreases significantly at the most parts of the compartment, but the system does not exit the flammable range after approximately 15 s. These findings highlight the critical role of ventilation in enhancing safety when using flammable refrigerants like R290 in refrigeration systems.