BiochemistryBiochemistry is an approach to describe timeless (ahistorical) functioning of lifeLife, yet it presupposes the extension of chemistry represented by ready–made biocatalysts, stored genetic informationInformation, and structures: the “logic” of the living. Problems arise also with determinism and its solution by allowing mutationsMutations. Moreover, codes and semiosisSemiosis as basic achievements of evolution also reach out beyond chemistry. Reduction of life to genetic scriptGenetic script as a basic level of description. Brief description of the standard model DNADNA, RNARNA, proteinsProteins and structures—copies, codes, interpretations. Dualism genotype—phenotypePhenotypes, and phenotypePhenotypes—AppearanceAppearances. Underdetermination of biological data. Three forms of history attributed by science: beginning of the universe, second law of thermodynamicsThermodynamics, and biological evolution. Attempts of scientific explanation of biological evolution, and conflict between Darwinian and Continental approaches. Neodarwinian synthesis as a scientific solution; mutationMutations and selection. Microorganisms as an evolutionary model: evolution in the laboratory.