Thousands of articles and hundreds of books have been written about the geology, history, and rock-cut architecture of Cappadocia. This chapter will therefore only provide a concise, broad summary of the aforementioned topics. For readers seeking comprehensive knowledge on these topics, the references serve as a guide. The initial section will present a concise review of the geological and geomorphological characteristics of Cappadocia, focusing on volcanic and tectonic processes. A brief review of the region’s history will follow. The final section includes a description of the rock-cut structures located throughout Turkey, beyond the Cappadocia region, as well as analyses of those monuments. Following that, a comprehensive overview of prior and current research on rock-cut architecture in the Cappadocia region will be provided.