Traditionally, e-voting research in academia used to be mainly focused on using cryptography in server-client architectures to produce secure, private, and transparent systems. In 2009, the introduction of blockchain technology provided researchers with a new approach to tackle this problem. But the blockchain ecosystem is still undergoing much transformation, with new features and approaches being frequently added to it. This paper presents the first proposal for a blockchain-based remote voting system based on a novel resource-based approach for representing digital assets in a blockchain. Ledger-based blockchains represent digital assets as a set of concurrent records stored inside smart contracts, resulting in systems with large monolithic requirements that are hard to scale. Resource-based blockchains, a recent addition to the ecosystem, represent digital assets, or resources, as concise digital records, independent of the smart contract that defines and issues them. Accounts, in such a model, are complex objects that can contain resources. This simplifies the concept of ownership: whoever owns the account where a resource is stored owns that resource. This approach of representing digital assets attempts to emulate physical assets, i.e., resources can only exist in one place at a time, they cannot be copied, and they can only be explicitly destroyed programmatically. As such, resources provide an ideal medium to abstract ballots. Our proposal showcases the advantages and suitability of the novel resource-based architecture and its claims about advanced security, transparency, and scalability in the field of voting systems.

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Towards E-Voting Systems on Resource Based Blockchains

  • Ricardo Lopes Almeida,
  • Fabrizio Baiardi,
  • Constantin Cătălin Drăgan,
  • Damiano Di Francesco Maesa,
  • Laura Ricci,
  • Nishanth Sastry

摘要

Traditionally, e-voting research in academia used to be mainly focused on using cryptography in server-client architectures to produce secure, private, and transparent systems. In 2009, the introduction of blockchain technology provided researchers with a new approach to tackle this problem. But the blockchain ecosystem is still undergoing much transformation, with new features and approaches being frequently added to it. This paper presents the first proposal for a blockchain-based remote voting system based on a novel resource-based approach for representing digital assets in a blockchain. Ledger-based blockchains represent digital assets as a set of concurrent records stored inside smart contracts, resulting in systems with large monolithic requirements that are hard to scale. Resource-based blockchains, a recent addition to the ecosystem, represent digital assets, or resources, as concise digital records, independent of the smart contract that defines and issues them. Accounts, in such a model, are complex objects that can contain resources. This simplifies the concept of ownership: whoever owns the account where a resource is stored owns that resource. This approach of representing digital assets attempts to emulate physical assets, i.e., resources can only exist in one place at a time, they cannot be copied, and they can only be explicitly destroyed programmatically. As such, resources provide an ideal medium to abstract ballots. Our proposal showcases the advantages and suitability of the novel resource-based architecture and its claims about advanced security, transparency, and scalability in the field of voting systems.