The increasing demand for sustainable and biocompatible materials in biomedical engineering has directed significant attention towards plant-derived cellulose and its derivatives. This chapter explores the systematic utilization of cellulose sourced from various plant materials, focusing on its chemical, mechanical, and rheological properties that make it suitable for 3D bioprinting applications. Emphasis is placed on the modification techniques employed to enhance the printability, structural integrity, and biological performance of cellulose-based bioinks. Moreover, recent advances in cellulose derivative formulations and their role in pharmaceutical application are addressed. The chapter highlights the environmentally sustainable plant-derived materials in 3D bioprinting. The study underscores the potential of cellulose-based systems as a pivotal component in the evolution of eco-friendly and clinically viable bioprinting strategies.