The rising demand for sustainable food packaging has led to significant research into plant-based polymers from agricultural and marine sources. These biodegradable materials provide eco-friendly options compared to petroleum-based plastics, supporting global efforts to lessen environmental harm. Several bioplastic studies focus on polysaccharides, proteins, and aliphatic polyesters for their strong barrier properties, ideal for packaging. Marine-derived polymers like chitosan, alginate, carrageenan, and agar improve functionality, aiding food preservation and preventing microbial growth. Recent innovations involve adding nanoparticles to polymer matrices, significantly boosting tensile strength, thermal stability, and moisture resistance. Regulatory frameworks worldwide influence the use of plant-based polymers, focusing on safety, certification, and environmental compliance. This progress has broadened the practical uses of plant-based films in food packaging. Edible packaging, including cutlery, films, and water-soluble containers, is gaining popularity, reflecting consumer interest in biodegradable and zero-waste products. In the future, developing new bioplastics will aim to optimize polymer composition, speed up degradation, and achieve cost-effective production. Market trends show growing acceptance of sustainable packaging, positioning plant-based polymers for an essential role in the future of the packaging industry. Their widespread adoption will help minimize plastic pollution and support a circular economy with resource conservation and care for the environment.