This chapter introduces the global energy challenges including sector-specific consumption patterns focusing on building sector and their role in achieving sustainability goals. It discusses the depletion of nonrenewable resources and the environmental consequences associated with them as well as the importance of renewable energy in meeting the goals. Particular attention is given to the building sector, and role of zero energy building concept in fighting energy challenges and achieving energy efficiency. Through an analysis of technological, economic, and regulatory barriers, it was found that achieving net-zero energy in buildings requires coordinated efforts in technology development, policy adoption, and stakeholder education.