As the growth of healthcare services and the risk of serious health consequences become more acute, poorly managed waste managementWaste management poses serious environmental and public health problems. It is an important goal to develop effective biomedical wasteWaste management managementBiomedical waste management for the twenty-first century. The century's most urgent sustainabilitySustainability challenges. This chapter discussed new, greener methods such as waste minimisation, recycling, circular economies, and green procurement, which are growing with the latest technologies. Plasma gasification, microwave processes, biodegradable plastics, and AI-powered waste-tracking systems exist, yet serious issues persist. In particular, where regulatory frameworks are notably lacking in low- and middle-income countries. Framework development, poor infrastructure, and a lack of funding impede safe and sustainable practice. Exposing good practices and failures, highlighting governance and local roles, Interactions and institutional commitment. Policy and governancePolicy and governance, as shown, remain constrained by disparate regulations, enforcement issues, and international cooperation. In addition to this chapter, the Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable development GoalsSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include SDGs 6, 12, and 13.