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This paper presents a comprehensive non-ideal mathematical model of a non-inverting DC-DC buck-boost converter using the state-space averaging method. The model includes practical parasitic elements such as the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the inductor and output capacitor, the forward voltage drops of the diode, and the conduction losses in the diode and MOSFET. This realistic modeling enables accurate evaluation of the converter’s dynamic behavior. With this non-ideal model, applying a single-loop PI controller reveals significant limitations. Although such a controller eliminates steady-state error, it results in an undesirably long settling time, indicating a low phase margin. Increasing the gain crossover frequency can improve the phase margin and reduce the response time. However, this approach introduces noticeable switching noise at the output due to the higher bandwidth. To overcome these trade-offs-namely, improving dynamic response while suppressing output noise-a cascaded-loop PI control structure is proposed. In this paper, this control approach is analyzed in detail, with performance evaluated through numerical simulations, demonstrating its effectiveness in balancing stability and noise mitigation under non-ideal operating conditions. The performance of the converter under cascaded-loop PI control is evaluated, and numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method [2]

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Frequency-Domain Based Design and Modeling of a Cascaded-Loop Controller for a Non-ideal Non-inverting Buck–Boost DC–DC Converter

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Dzung Tien Nguyen,
  • Duc Ngoc Nguyen,
  • Duc Huyen Luu,
  • Cuong Duy Nguyen

摘要

This paper presents a comprehensive non-ideal mathematical model of a non-inverting DC-DC buck-boost converter using the state-space averaging method. The model includes practical parasitic elements such as the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the inductor and output capacitor, the forward voltage drops of the diode, and the conduction losses in the diode and MOSFET. This realistic modeling enables accurate evaluation of the converter’s dynamic behavior. With this non-ideal model, applying a single-loop PI controller reveals significant limitations. Although such a controller eliminates steady-state error, it results in an undesirably long settling time, indicating a low phase margin. Increasing the gain crossover frequency can improve the phase margin and reduce the response time. However, this approach introduces noticeable switching noise at the output due to the higher bandwidth. To overcome these trade-offs-namely, improving dynamic response while suppressing output noise-a cascaded-loop PI control structure is proposed. In this paper, this control approach is analyzed in detail, with performance evaluated through numerical simulations, demonstrating its effectiveness in balancing stability and noise mitigation under non-ideal operating conditions. The performance of the converter under cascaded-loop PI control is evaluated, and numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method [2]