The accelerating loss of biodiversity requires survey techniques that are both scalable and cost effective. This chapter reviews the emerging role of aerial robots in facilitating and expanding the collection of environmental DNA (eDNA), the genetic material that organisms leave in their surroundings, in species-rich but difficult-to-access habitats such as forest canopies. Current drone-based eDNA survey methods are examined, with emphasis on their working principles and technological constraints. Future research priorities are also identified, including improvements in mobility, aerial physical interaction, eDNA collector materials, and the integration of ecological knowledge into autonomous sampling strategies.