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The paper targets comprehensive 3D indoor industrial channels representing IEEE 802.15.4a CM 7. To characterize the downlink channel, a 9 × 9 uniform rectangular array (URA) of directive antennas is utilized at the base station, and benchmarked with an analogous one of isotropic antennas. For the directive URA, to achieve the required radiation pattern/gain, a single slotted U-shaped microstrip is designed/analyzed using CST Microwave Studio through FDTD analysis. Then, it is arranged in a 9 × 9 matrix, with varying orientations, to enhance isolation, improve efficiency, and optimize the overall transmit URA performance. The ray-based methodology is then used to specify the paths the waves, represented by rays, follow to reach the receiver. The fields for directive antennas are imported from CST Microwave Studio. To guarantee accurate results, since the field components imported are discretized by one degree along both elevation and azimuth directions, they are interpolated along both directions, to get the fields at the specified angles. At boundaries, the incident wave with arbitrary polarization is resolved into perpendicular/parallel polarizations. For the massive MIMO channel, for each transmit-receive antenna pair, the complex field vectors for the received waves are summed, where the contributions of both perpendicular/parallel polarizations are combined at the receiver. For each transmit-receive antenna pair, knowing the fields incident on the receive antennas, the receive antenna voltage is computed. The massive MIMO channel is identified by obtaining the channel matrix coefficients and quantified through the channel matrix singular value spread (SVS), users’ channels correlation coefficient magnitude, and users’ channels power distribution.

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3D Channel Characterization Employing Directive Antennas through Ray-Based Techniques

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Abdallah Fathy,
  • Mohamed Elnahas,
  • Mohamed Abbas,
  • A. M. M. A. Allam,
  • Wassim Alexan

摘要

The paper targets comprehensive 3D indoor industrial channels representing IEEE 802.15.4a CM 7. To characterize the downlink channel, a 9 × 9 uniform rectangular array (URA) of directive antennas is utilized at the base station, and benchmarked with an analogous one of isotropic antennas. For the directive URA, to achieve the required radiation pattern/gain, a single slotted U-shaped microstrip is designed/analyzed using CST Microwave Studio through FDTD analysis. Then, it is arranged in a 9 × 9 matrix, with varying orientations, to enhance isolation, improve efficiency, and optimize the overall transmit URA performance. The ray-based methodology is then used to specify the paths the waves, represented by rays, follow to reach the receiver. The fields for directive antennas are imported from CST Microwave Studio. To guarantee accurate results, since the field components imported are discretized by one degree along both elevation and azimuth directions, they are interpolated along both directions, to get the fields at the specified angles. At boundaries, the incident wave with arbitrary polarization is resolved into perpendicular/parallel polarizations. For the massive MIMO channel, for each transmit-receive antenna pair, the complex field vectors for the received waves are summed, where the contributions of both perpendicular/parallel polarizations are combined at the receiver. For each transmit-receive antenna pair, knowing the fields incident on the receive antennas, the receive antenna voltage is computed. The massive MIMO channel is identified by obtaining the channel matrix coefficients and quantified through the channel matrix singular value spread (SVS), users’ channels correlation coefficient magnitude, and users’ channels power distribution.