This chapter addresses the use of mood stabilizers, including various anticonvulsants, for both FDA-approved and off-label uses in treating psychiatric disorders. Additionally, this chapter provides a focused overview of the management of adults with agitated/aggressive behaviors related to major psychiatric disorders, with an emphasis on conditions most likely to be encountered by neurologists. The classifications of the disorders in this chapter are consistent with diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (American Psychiatric Assocaition, Diagnositc and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, 2013). Until 2023, there were no FDA-approved pharmacological treatments for the spectrum of agitated/aggressive behaviors, regardless of the diagnosis or the origin of the behaviors. The treatments used to target aggression (beyond primary treatment of psychiatric disorders) have therefore been and mostly still are off-label interventions which should be carefully considered after reviewing the available evidence. However, the FDA has made recent approvals of pharmacologic treatments for agitation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder which can be used to treat aggression and will be further discussed in this chapter. In addition, in 2023 the FDA approved brexpiprazole as the first medication for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer’s dementia, which is further covered in the chapter on behavioral symptoms in dementia. This chapter presents some of the relevant evidence supporting off-label pharmacological treatments targeting agitation/aggression related to specific diagnoses. Other sources provide more detailed overviews of the assessment and management of aggression.