In the context of rapid urbanization and economic growth, countries with large populations are increasingly investing in the construction of new cities, material storages, highways, railways, tunnels, and pipelines. These infrastructure projects, often situated in challenging terrains such as mountainous regions or areas with complex geological structures like rock and sedimentary formations, present significant engineering challenges. Key among these challenges are the selection of optimal routes and methods for constructing roads, tunnels, and pipelines, as well as ensuring their stability under dynamic environmental conditions. Supercomputer modeling has emerged as a critical tool for addressing these difficulties, offering high-fidelity simulations to predict the behavior of structures under various loads. In this article, we analyze the application of the grid-characteristic method for the numerical simulation of strong, short-term dynamic loads on underground structures. By leveraging this method, we model the propagation of elastic waves through heterogeneous geological media and assess their impact on the stability and integrity of underground infrastructure. The study focuses on evaluating the response of tunnels and pipelines to impulsive loads, providing insights into stress distribution and deformation patterns. Through detailed numerical solutions, we aim to identify critical vulnerabilities in underground structures, optimize their design, and enhance their resilience to dynamic impacts, thereby contributing to safer and more efficient construction practices in complex geotechnical environments.