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This chapter lays out the foundations of biosensors. Biosensors represent one of the most profound intersections between biology and technology. From Clark’s enzyme electrode to modern AI-integrated wearables, they embody the human pursuit to read the language of life in real time. Their evolution mirrors the progression of analytical science itself, from observation to automation, from detection to prediction. In the following chapter, we introduce biosensors as a concept, from their early beginnings and basic applications (Sect. 1.1) through fundamental principles (Sect. 1.2) to the quantification of uncertainty explored in Sects. 1.3 and 1.4.

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Introduction to Biosensors

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Almir Badnjević,
  • Lemana Spahić

摘要

This chapter lays out the foundations of biosensors. Biosensors represent one of the most profound intersections between biology and technology. From Clark’s enzyme electrode to modern AI-integrated wearables, they embody the human pursuit to read the language of life in real time. Their evolution mirrors the progression of analytical science itself, from observation to automation, from detection to prediction. In the following chapter, we introduce biosensors as a concept, from their early beginnings and basic applications (Sect. 1.1) through fundamental principles (Sect. 1.2) to the quantification of uncertainty explored in Sects. 1.3 and 1.4.