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Aging is inevitable in human life but man and womanWomen experience aging differently depending on their genderGender norms, genderGender roles, and discriminationDiscrimination through life course in educationEducation, employment, economic independence and so on. Therefore, the study aims to illuminate the genderGender-specific demographic trends, socio-economic backgrounds, self-rated healthHealth perceptions and challenges associated with the aging in India based on data mainly from 75th Round National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) July 2017–June 2018 and various Censuses. From the result, it is found that share of elderly population to total population is increasing and decadal growth rate, old-age dependency ratio and agingAging index is higher for female than that of the male. In terms of literacy rate and educationEducation level, status of female elderly is much lower than that of male elderly which affects their economical dependency. Majority of the elderly males are living with children and spouse (64%) while majority of womenWomen are living with children and others without spouse (46%) and this data ascertain the higher widowhoodWidowhood of the female. Thus, compounded issues of widowhoodWidowhood, low literacy rate, financial instability and a higher burden of chronic conditions lead to the compromised healthHealth outcomes and poor healthHealth perceptions. In general, poor self-rated healthHealth perception (PSHP) is higher among oldest old, never married/separated/divorced person, person living alone and economically dependent, residing in rural areasRural areas and eastern region. Furthermore, PSHP is more frequent among womenWomen than among men across different socio-economic backgrounds except living alone and economically dependent on others. For these two cases, men are likely to reveal the higher proportion of PSHP than that of womenWomen which implies that widowhoodWidowhood or living alone and economic dependency affects men’s healthHealth perception more negatively than that of female. Therefore, such outcomes clearly pleaded for genderGender-sensitive healthHealth care policy interventionsPolicy intervention.

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Aging and Health in India: Understanding the Gender-Specific Perceptions and Challenges for Policy Interventions

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Sahina Khatun

摘要

Aging is inevitable in human life but man and womanWomen experience aging differently depending on their genderGender norms, genderGender roles, and discriminationDiscrimination through life course in educationEducation, employment, economic independence and so on. Therefore, the study aims to illuminate the genderGender-specific demographic trends, socio-economic backgrounds, self-rated healthHealth perceptions and challenges associated with the aging in India based on data mainly from 75th Round National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) July 2017–June 2018 and various Censuses. From the result, it is found that share of elderly population to total population is increasing and decadal growth rate, old-age dependency ratio and agingAging index is higher for female than that of the male. In terms of literacy rate and educationEducation level, status of female elderly is much lower than that of male elderly which affects their economical dependency. Majority of the elderly males are living with children and spouse (64%) while majority of womenWomen are living with children and others without spouse (46%) and this data ascertain the higher widowhoodWidowhood of the female. Thus, compounded issues of widowhoodWidowhood, low literacy rate, financial instability and a higher burden of chronic conditions lead to the compromised healthHealth outcomes and poor healthHealth perceptions. In general, poor self-rated healthHealth perception (PSHP) is higher among oldest old, never married/separated/divorced person, person living alone and economically dependent, residing in rural areasRural areas and eastern region. Furthermore, PSHP is more frequent among womenWomen than among men across different socio-economic backgrounds except living alone and economically dependent on others. For these two cases, men are likely to reveal the higher proportion of PSHP than that of womenWomen which implies that widowhoodWidowhood or living alone and economic dependency affects men’s healthHealth perception more negatively than that of female. Therefore, such outcomes clearly pleaded for genderGender-sensitive healthHealth care policy interventionsPolicy intervention.