This chapter critically examines the role of decentralisationDecentralisation in promoting sustainable developmentSustainable development in ZimbabweZimbabwe, drawing comparative insights from other African countries. It argues that subnational governments (SNGs) operate within a close proximity to communities and are responsive to local needs and thus are fundamental in driving sustainable developmentSustainable development. However, their potential is undermined by weak fiscalFiscal systems, limited autonomy, and over-centralised governanceGovernance models. In ZimbabweZimbabwe, sustainable developmentSustainable development is implemented through deconcentration, with central government ministries and agencies taking the lead in SDGSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) implementation under the National Development Strategy 1 (2021–2025). Whilst the country has adopted devolutionDevolution principles, genuine power and resource transfers to elected local authorities remain insufficient. The chapter highlights that decentralisationDecentralisation, when effectively designed and implemented, enhances public sector efficiency, service deliveryService delivery, and inclusive governanceGovernance. Yet, across AfricaAfrica, challenges such as weak tax systems, poor intergovernmental fiscalFiscal transfers, and political interference have constrained the capacity of local governments to meet development goals. The study concludes that sustainable developmentSustainable development can only be realised through a holistic and integrated decentralisationDecentralisation framework that combines devolutionDevolution, deconcentration, delegation, and privatisation. Empowering local governments with real decision-making authority, financial autonomy, and planning capacity is essential. Without addressing structural barriers and investing in capable local institutions, the SDGsSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will remain an elusive agenda for many African countries. The chapter calls for a shift towards locally driven development anchored in community needs and inclusive governanceGovernance.