Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, also known as “Night-flowering Jasmine” or “Parijat”, is a deciduous shrub belonging to the Oleaceae family. Owing to its medicinal properties, it is featured in the Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani traditional health systems. Beyond its ornamental values the plant is recognized also for its extensive pharmacological potential attributed to its rich phytochemical profile. Main bioactive constituents isolated from N. arbor-tristis are flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and essential oils. Preclinical and clinical studies have explored its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Traditionally, different parts of the plant have been used to treat fever, malaria, arthritis, dermatological disorders, hepatic dysfunctions, and respiratory ailments. Recent scientific advancements have substantiated N. arbor-tristis as a potential source for novel therapeutic agents.