This systematic literature review analyses the factors influencing AI adoption for fraud detection in the banking sector from a Society 5.0 perspective. Society 5.0 provides a human-centred framework that emphasizes the integration of advanced technologies to address societal challenges, including financial security. This paper reviews 31 studies to identify the technological, organizational, and socio-economic factors that influence AI adoption in banking. Key themes emerging from the thematic analysis include: challenges associated with regulatory compliance and legacy systems; the pivotal role of advanced AI techniques, including machine learning and natural language processing; operational advantages such as improved accuracy and cost savings; and the influence of socio-economic factors on AI adoption. The findings contribute to a strategic framework for integrating AI into fraud detection, aligning technological advancements with societal goals of inclusivity and sustainability. This review highlights both challenges and opportunities, while proposing pathways for future research focused on ethical system design, skill development, and regulatory alignment. These insights offer a roadmap for effective AI adoption, fostering a secure and equitable financial ecosystem.