Zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles are being widely used in optoelectronics because they exhibit outstanding optical and electronic properties. Due to its wide bandgap (3.5–3.8 eV) and II-VI semiconductor nature, ZnS displays bright fluorescence, a significant refractive index and well-preserved properties at high temperatures. The effect of quantum confinement in ZnS particles enable precise modulation of optical properties which makes them suitable for advanced optoelectronic devices. Progress in making ZnS, combining different materials and enhancing optoelectronic characteristics have made the material important for future technology applications. Since, there is greater demand for devices that use less energy and perform efficiently, ZnS has been extensively explored for its potential in advanced optoelectronic applications. Because nanoparticles have a higher surface-to-volume ratio and show quantum effects, light absorption, emission and charge transportation better than those of bulk ZnS. In addition, ways to functionalize ZnS nanoparticles with different dopants and coatings have created new opportunities for custom optoelectronic use. Here, we present the synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles, unique optical properties together with the main issues and expected future developments. The comprehensive review article discusses the recent advancements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of ZnS nanoparticles in optoelectronics.