This article explores the impact of architectural environments on the emotional well-being of urban residents. Drawing on a review of recent studies in biophilic design, environmental psychology and neuro-urbanism, as well as data from a pilot sociological survey (N = 135) conducted in Russian cities, the study examines how visual characteristics of urban development influence mood, perception, and everyday behavior. The literature review identifies three core components shaping emotional responses: architectural form and spatial organization, visual complexity of facades, and color composition of the urban fabric. Survey results indicate that diverse architectural environments are associated with positive emotional states (calmness, hope, interest, and joy) and a sense of comfort, whereas visually monotonous settings are more often linked to anxiety and emotional suppression. Expert interviews further reveal a latent correlation between architectural decay and increased social frustration, weakened place attachment, and a heightened risk of deviant behavior. The article concludes with recommendations for incorporating psychological and aesthetic criteria into urban planning practices as a means to enhance the quality of the urban environment.