As an exemplary model of ancient Chinese architecture, the Forbidden City’s architectural heritage conservation efforts shoulder the dual mission of preserving traditional restoration techniques and adhering to modern architectural heritage conservation principles. Balancing the preservation of traditional craftsmanship with the modern principles of authenticity, minimal intervention, and reversibility has become a critical challenge in the field of heritage conservation at the Forbidden City. This study examines the 1950s restoration project of the Northwest Corner Tower and the 2002 restoration project of Wuying Dian (Hall of Martial Valor) and the 2015 restoration project of the Yangxin Dian (Hall of Mental Cultivation) as case studies. The former was led by traditional craftsmen, demonstrating a reliance on artisans and traditional techniques, while the latter followed modern conservation principles, emphasizing scientific diagnosis and systematic restoration. By comparing these two representative restoration projects in Forbidden City, this study discusses the unique value and limitations of traditional craftsmanship in conservation practices and explores the positive role of modern conservation principles in promoting scientific and standardized restoration processes. The integration of traditional techniques and modern conservation principles not only ensures the continuity of cultural craftsmanship but also achieves sustainable restoration by safeguarding historical authenticity. This study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on blending traditional craftsmanship with modern conservation principles, offering new perspectives for theoretical innovation and practical advancement in architectural heritage conservation.