Evaluation of Infrastructure Development in Coastal Central Java: Reducing Climate Change, Environmental, and Socio-Economic Impacts
摘要
The north shore of Java, which includes Central Java Province, is a hub for social, industrial, residential, and economic activity. However, Java’s north shore is susceptible to the effects of climate change, notably sea level rise and tidal waves. Government action in the form of creating climate-resilient infrastructure is one way to lessen the impact of climate change. Some such infrastructure options include the construction of giant sea walls, piles, dikes, retention ponds, and other projects. This infrastructure provides short-term benefits, namely, warding off floods and tidal waves so that residents’ economic areas and social activities are not disrupted. The research discussed in this chapter uses qualitative methods supported by legal sources in journals, books, laws, and regulations, as well as the results of observations and interviews with stakeholders from the central government, local governments, the private sector, and the community. The analysis focuses on the impact of infrastructure programmes, the effectiveness of infrastructure in reducing climate change risk, the socio-economic dimensions of coastal resilience, and criticisms and limitations of infrastructure programmes. This chapter concludes that climate-resilient infrastructure is critical in adapting to the impacts of climate change. However, with poor governance and weak mitigation of the effects of massive infrastructure development, it has the potential to damage ecosystems, especially mangroves, as natural wave containment and homes for fish, changing wave currents, and causing damage to settlements and the livelihoods of residents who have not been protected by sea walls.