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This chapter investigates the regulatory influence ofUrban green spaces urban green spacesGreen spaces on thermal variabilityThermal variability and microclimatic balance within the Kolkata Municipal CorporationKolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). Using multi-temporal Landsat imagery from 1990 to 2020, three major environmental indices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVINormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBINormalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI)), and Land Surface TemperatureLand surface temperature (LST) were analyzed to evaluate long-term changes in vegetation cover, built-up density, and thermal behavior. The results show a strong inverse association between NDVINormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and LST, indicating that areas with dense vegetation record significantly lower temperatures, while NDBINormalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) exhibits a direct correlation with thermal hotspots, reflecting the heat-intensifying effect of impervious surfacesImpervious surfaces. Borough-level assessment reveals distinct spatial inequalities, with neighborhoods experiencing rapid urbanization displaying heightened surface temperature and intensified urban heat islandUrban heat island effects. The chapter highlights the pivotal role of green spacesGreen spaces in mitigating urban warming and emphasizes the need to prioritize ecological restoration and climate-adaptive greening strategies for resilient urban development.

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The Role of Urban Green Spaces in Thermal Variability and Climate Regulation

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Md Babor Ali,
  • Saleha Jamal

摘要

This chapter investigates the regulatory influence ofUrban green spaces urban green spacesGreen spaces on thermal variabilityThermal variability and microclimatic balance within the Kolkata Municipal CorporationKolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). Using multi-temporal Landsat imagery from 1990 to 2020, three major environmental indices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVINormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBINormalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI)), and Land Surface TemperatureLand surface temperature (LST) were analyzed to evaluate long-term changes in vegetation cover, built-up density, and thermal behavior. The results show a strong inverse association between NDVINormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and LST, indicating that areas with dense vegetation record significantly lower temperatures, while NDBINormalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) exhibits a direct correlation with thermal hotspots, reflecting the heat-intensifying effect of impervious surfacesImpervious surfaces. Borough-level assessment reveals distinct spatial inequalities, with neighborhoods experiencing rapid urbanization displaying heightened surface temperature and intensified urban heat islandUrban heat island effects. The chapter highlights the pivotal role of green spacesGreen spaces in mitigating urban warming and emphasizes the need to prioritize ecological restoration and climate-adaptive greening strategies for resilient urban development.