Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) encompass a wide range of natural and man-made substances that disrupt hormonal functions in humans and animals, resulting in reproductive, metabolic, cognitive, and cancer-related consequences. Since the mid-twentieth century, their extensive use in plastics, pesticides, firefighting foams, and consumer goods has led to a lasting global environmental presence and bioaccumulation. Historically, awareness developed from mass production in the 1950s to global regulation via key events like Silent Spring, the Stockholm Convention, and the REACH framework. Key EDC categories encompass pesticides, bisphenols, phthalates, PFAS, and trace elements, several of which are designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These substances enter the ecosystem through industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and household waste, exposing people mainly through food, air inhalation, and skin contact. Growing evidence suggests that the combined or “cocktail” effects of various EDCs enhance toxicological results beyond those seen with exposure to individual compounds. Although there is increasing global awareness, regulatory inconsistencies remain, especially in developing areas that have restricted oversight capabilities. Filling these gaps is essential for promoting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being; SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation). This research combines historical, toxicological, and policy viewpoints to emphasize the immediate necessity for unified, science-driven regulation of EDCs globally.