Thanks to the power of machine learning algorithms able to contend with massive datasets, governments around the world now increasingly rely on artificial intelligence (AI) in a variety of coordinating and rule-making functions. Although the information produced and managed by these systems tends to be subsequently utilized by human agents in traditional processes of bureaucratic decision-making, there is also a growing willingness to outsource decision-making authority to algorithm-based systems. Algocracy (sometimes referred to as algorithmic governance or government by algorithm) is the term given to a system of government in which algorithms play a significant role in shaping and executing policies. The main appeal of Algocracy is its efficiency—the ability to contend with the sheer size and complexity of contemporary societies and keep up in the rapidly evolving globalized world. There is no reason to suggest that this trend will reverse any time soon, and it is safe to speculate that AI will continue to play an increasingly prominent role in government. But how are we to evaluate the moral/political legitimacy of this novel form of governance? One great appeal, especially for the world’s established liberal democracies, is undoubtedly a perceived proximity to our ideal of pure procedural fairness, where systematic rule-making replaces the discretion of potentially biased and erroneous human judgment. On the other hand, we must be prepared for the challenges AI governance presents for the prevailing paradigm of moral-political legitimacy since the Enlightenment, which sees reason alone as the means to legitimate political orders.