Industrial solid waste landfills are prone to generate dust, which adversely affects the health of operators and the environment. The objective of this study was to develop an environmentally friendly composite dust suppressantDust suppressant for landfill dust. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used as a surfactant with excellent performance, glycerol as a water-retaining agent, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a binder to prepare an environmentally friendly composite dust suppressantDust suppressant (EFCDS) based on polymer blending with the effects of wettability, bonding, wind erosion resistance, degradability, and freeze–thaw resistance. The optimal formulation of the composite dust suppressantDust suppressant was determined using response surface methodology. The test results show that the optimal mixing concentration of the composite dust suppressantDust suppressant was 0.538% SDBS, 0.448% glycerol, and 0.359% CMC. The composite dust suppressantDust suppressant is non-toxic, low metal corrosive, degradable and its main raw materials (SDBS and CMC) are from nature. The above results show that the composite dust suppressantDust suppressant can effectively and long-term inhibit the dust in the landfill, and it is a kind of high-efficiency dust suppressantDust suppressant material in line with the concept of environmental protection.