The Power of 3D Technologies in Archaeology: A Case Study of Findings Coming from Messenia, Greece
摘要
In archaeology and other cultural heritage-related disciplines, the integration of digital tools such as 3D modelling, photogrammetry, and laser scanning has emerged as a transformative methodological advancement. These technologies enable the non-invasive documentation, analysis, restoration, and dissemination of archaeological artefacts, enhancing both scholarly research and public engagement. Through high-resolution recording and the potential for virtual or physical reconstruction, digital technologies have significantly broadened the interpretative and educational scope of cultural heritage studies. Their application allows researchers not only to preserve fragile or incomplete objects but also to reconstruct them digitally, offering valuable insights into their original form, function, and context. As a result, digital heritage tools now play a pivotal role in conservation strategies and the broader communication of archaeological knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the power of 3D technologies in archaeology and cultural heritage using specific references and examples. This particular study focuses on two findings from Messenia, Peloponnese in south west Greece. The first is a mycenaean terracotta female figurine with folded arms, found during rescue excavations across the highway of Soulynari – Kremmydia - Koryfasio, Messenia, Greece. The second object is a dipper (arytaina) that was found on the Koukoura hill at the south of Petrochori village, located on the west coast of Messenia,16 km northern of modern-day city of Pylos. Both findings went through a complete digitization process with 3D techniques including photogrammetry and structured light scanning. Using archaeological references to similar artifacts and the 3D models of the fragments the objects were digitally reconstructed using 3D modelling software. The goal of the digital documentation was to generate and recreate the missing pieces using 3D printing. The above techniques allowed us to create accurate and realistic three-dimensional modes of the initial artefacts.