Microgreens, which are immature seedlings harvested at the cotyledon or first genuine leaf stage, have emerged as a viable food source for addressing global food and nutritional shortages. Microgreens have a high concentration of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive substances, outperforming even their mature counterparts in nutritional richness. This chapter investigates the diverse range of microgreens from various plant families, including leafy greens, herbs, and Brassica crops, highlighting their unique nutritional compositions and potential health benefits, as well as the functional significance of microgreens, emphasizing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential disease-preventive properties. Furthermore, the chapter explores microgreens’ potential contribution to food security, particularly in urban and peri-urban agriculture, as well as their function in addressing nutritional shortages. Challenges of microgreen production, such as nutritional quality standardization, post-harvest handling, and pest and disease management, as well as prospects, such as integration with global food policies, and functional food and nutraceutical applications, have been discussed.