Identification of Companies and Characterization of Marine Plastics Recycling Technologies
摘要
The issue of marine plastics, characterised by the accumulation of large quantities of plastic waste in the oceans, stands as one of the most critical environmental crises of the 21st century. It is estimated that over 8 million tons of plastics enter the oceans each year, affecting marine life, coastal ecosystems, and even human health. The global problem of ocean plastics has created an urgent need for innovative and sustainable solutions to reduce, recycle, and reuse the plastics already floating in our seas. Among the proposed solutions, ocean plastic recycling stands out as a viable and essential strategy to tackle this challenge. Marine plastics are particularly challenging to recycle. Degradation from sun exposure, salt water, and temperature fluctuations weakens polymer structures, while contamination by organic and inorganic materials, along with pigments and additives, further complicates the recycling process. The need to remove plastics from the oceans is evident, but the technical, logistical, and economic challenges are considerable. This paper delves into the recycling technologies and innovations focused on marine plastics, emphasizing the potential of advanced tertiary and quaternary recycling processes. These methods offer the potential to transform degraded plastics by breaking them down into fundamental chemical components or converting them into energy, thus addressing both the removal of impurities and the recovery of valuable resources. This paper also identified the European and global companies currently engaged in the process of ocean plastic recycling with each type of technology or those with the potential to become leaders in this field.