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The development of sustainable materials for water remediation is crucial in addressing the environmental challenges posed by coal mining activities. In this study, a geopolymer was synthesized using metakaolin and an alkaline activator solution, with the addition of bentonite for improved workability and 25% of glass frit as a filler to enhance its structural properties. The material, called GP_25F, was fabricated using Direct Ink Writing (DIW), a 3D printing technique that allows precise control over the design and porosity of the final structure. Characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, confirmed the material's porous structure and amorphous nature. Adsorption tests were conducted using real acid mine drainage (AMD) and mine-impacted water (MIW) samples to evaluate the material’s efficiency in removing heavy metals and anions. The results demonstrated varying removal efficiencies, with significant adsorption of manganese (100% in MIW), zinc (61.62% in MIW), and chloride (94.70% in AMD). However, the material showed limited efficiency for copper and sulfate removal. These findings suggest that GP_25F geopolymers hold potential as adsorbents for mining wastewater treatment, but further optimization is needed to enhance their adsorption capabilities.

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Use of Glass Frit in 3D-Printed Geopolymer for Coal-Mining Water Treatment

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Leticia Samara Kruze,
  • Marcelo Otávio Heiderich,
  • Gabriel Tochetto,
  • Aline Alves Freitas,
  • Karine Goulart de Oliveira,
  • André Aguiar Battistelli,
  • Dachamir Hotza,
  • Maria Eliza Nagel-Hassemer

摘要

The development of sustainable materials for water remediation is crucial in addressing the environmental challenges posed by coal mining activities. In this study, a geopolymer was synthesized using metakaolin and an alkaline activator solution, with the addition of bentonite for improved workability and 25% of glass frit as a filler to enhance its structural properties. The material, called GP_25F, was fabricated using Direct Ink Writing (DIW), a 3D printing technique that allows precise control over the design and porosity of the final structure. Characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, confirmed the material's porous structure and amorphous nature. Adsorption tests were conducted using real acid mine drainage (AMD) and mine-impacted water (MIW) samples to evaluate the material’s efficiency in removing heavy metals and anions. The results demonstrated varying removal efficiencies, with significant adsorption of manganese (100% in MIW), zinc (61.62% in MIW), and chloride (94.70% in AMD). However, the material showed limited efficiency for copper and sulfate removal. These findings suggest that GP_25F geopolymers hold potential as adsorbents for mining wastewater treatment, but further optimization is needed to enhance their adsorption capabilities.