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The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven interest in bioenergy production from organic waste. This study evaluates the environmental and energy performance of a two-stage anaerobic digestion system producing biohydrogen (bioH2) and biogas from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW). A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted under two scenarios, differentiated by the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the dark fermentation stage: 4 (scenario VFA4) and 5 days (scenario VFA5). One-stage scenario (VFA0) of methanogenesis was tested for comparison purposes. Using the openLCA v1.8.0 software with the CML 2 baseline 2000 and ReCiPe Midpoint (H) methodologies, the study assesses energy efficiency and environmental impact per 1 kJ of produced gas. Results show that bioH2 production achieved a positive energy balance, within VFA5 yielding an improved energy net of 122 kJ (energy ratio 2.64), indicating a sustainable standalone process. However, methanogenesis in the second bioreactor exhibited a negative energy balance due to high energy consumption in foam recirculation and temperature control. Despite this, the two-stage system outperformed the conventional anaerobic digestion (VFA0). Optimizing the biogas production stage is essential for improving sustainability. The biological reactors at this bench scale are not as efficient as they could be in pilot or industrial scales, emphasizing the need for scale-up studies.

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Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Balance of BioH2 and Biogas Produced From Food Wastes in a Two-Stage Bioreactor

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Júlia Santos Schramm,
  • Nuno Lapa

摘要

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven interest in bioenergy production from organic waste. This study evaluates the environmental and energy performance of a two-stage anaerobic digestion system producing biohydrogen (bioH2) and biogas from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW). A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted under two scenarios, differentiated by the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the dark fermentation stage: 4 (scenario VFA4) and 5 days (scenario VFA5). One-stage scenario (VFA0) of methanogenesis was tested for comparison purposes. Using the openLCA v1.8.0 software with the CML 2 baseline 2000 and ReCiPe Midpoint (H) methodologies, the study assesses energy efficiency and environmental impact per 1 kJ of produced gas. Results show that bioH2 production achieved a positive energy balance, within VFA5 yielding an improved energy net of 122 kJ (energy ratio 2.64), indicating a sustainable standalone process. However, methanogenesis in the second bioreactor exhibited a negative energy balance due to high energy consumption in foam recirculation and temperature control. Despite this, the two-stage system outperformed the conventional anaerobic digestion (VFA0). Optimizing the biogas production stage is essential for improving sustainability. The biological reactors at this bench scale are not as efficient as they could be in pilot or industrial scales, emphasizing the need for scale-up studies.