The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of hydropower in the Kyrgyz Republic. Kyrgyzstan has significant hydropower potential—about 142 billion kWh, but today only about 10% of this volume is used. The bulk of electricity generated at hydroelectric power plants, the share of which is more than 90% of the total energy balance. The article examines the main operating and prospective hydroelectric power plants in the country, their installed capacity, as well as the causes of energy deficit, including the impact of climate change and increased consumption. The methodological basis of the study is the use of statistical data, comparative and graphical analysis, and an assessment of the share of various energy sources. The authors note that despite the presence of large water resources, Kyrgyzstan remains energy dependent on imported coal, gas, and oil products. Provided are data on the growth of electricity consumption, the insufficiency of generating capacities, and the need to modernize the existing energy system. Particular attention paid to the environmental and social aspects of the construction of hydraulic structures. It concluded that the priority direction for the country remains the development of hydropower with the simultaneous introduction of alternative energy sources to ensure a sustainable energy future. Key words: hydraulic structures, thermal power plant, energy, production, consumption, coal, gas, fuel oil, potential, use, import, export, prospect.