IoT devices often face secure communication challenges due to limited computational power, thus increasing vulnerability to threats. In this paper, we propose a new secure communication framework using structured data frames for transmission in perceptual, gateway, and data processing layers. We integrated within the frame-based methodology the lightweight authenticated encryption algorithm Ascon-128a to improve end-to-end security. By applying the frame structure into our proposed IoT system, the tests show that: 99.99% Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) over 120 min, 49.91 ms average latency, and 100% rejection of 70,000 replayed packets. Ascon-128a also achieved a better performance compare to AES on the ARM Cortex-M4 processor core. This work will provide a scalable and efficient approach, balancing security and performance for resource-limited IoT ecosystems.