Over the past two decades, China has emerged as a global leader in industrial transformation through strategic investments in automation and robotics. This paper examines China’s technological rise within the framework of Industry 4.0, focusing on key state-led initiatives such as Made in China 2025 and digital transformation plans. Special attention is given to the development of core technologies including artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, 5G infrastructure, and industrial robotics, as well as to institutional mechanisms that encourage investment in research, innovation, and patents. The study provides quantitative data on the deployment of robots across various industrial sectors, supported by trend analysis and comparative evaluation with leading industrialized nations. Socioeconomic implications of automation are explored, particularly labor market transformations and regional inequality challenges. The findings suggest that China is not only closing the technological gap with Western countries but is also shaping a distinct model of technological development. The paper also discusses the limitations, risks, and broader global consequences of this transformation trajectory.