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This work introduces a Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP)-based trust verification protocol integrated within a Pyramid Tree peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture, designed to enable secure and scalable communication in decentralized systems. The protocol ensures verifiable peer authentication at each hop without revealing private information, fostering trust in dynamic, trustless environments. Our analysis shows that the ZKP message overhead grows linearly with the tree depth \( d \) and the number of puzzles \( k \) , while remaining independent of the total number of peers \( N \) . Since \( d \ll n \ll N \) , where \( n \) is the number of distinct resources types, the protocol ensures high security with low message complexity. This makes it ideal for large-scale, resource-constrained applications such as federated learning, IoT, and edge computing. The proposed solution offers an effective balance between trust, efficiency, and scalability, positioning it as a robust foundation for next-generation distributed architectures.

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ZK-Pyramid: A Pyramid Tree-Based P2P Framework for Trustworthy and Private Data Sharing Using Zero-Knowledge Succinct Proofs

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Mehmuna Haque,
  • Samana Dahal,
  • Indranil Roy,
  • Reshmi Mitra,
  • Bidyut Gupta

摘要

This work introduces a Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP)-based trust verification protocol integrated within a Pyramid Tree peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture, designed to enable secure and scalable communication in decentralized systems. The protocol ensures verifiable peer authentication at each hop without revealing private information, fostering trust in dynamic, trustless environments. Our analysis shows that the ZKP message overhead grows linearly with the tree depth \( d \) and the number of puzzles \( k \) , while remaining independent of the total number of peers \( N \) . Since \( d \ll n \ll N \) , where \( n \) is the number of distinct resources types, the protocol ensures high security with low message complexity. This makes it ideal for large-scale, resource-constrained applications such as federated learning, IoT, and edge computing. The proposed solution offers an effective balance between trust, efficiency, and scalability, positioning it as a robust foundation for next-generation distributed architectures.