The purpose of this paper is to present a decision model for optimizing the road transport of oversized cargo. Due to its unusual dimensions and weight, such transport poses numerous technical and organizational challenges and requires strict compliance with organizational, regulatory, and legal frameworks. In this context, risk assessment plays a crucial role, as it reduces the probability of undesirable events and helps ensure the safety of all participants in the transport process. Oversized transport, as a complex logistics operation, must consider infrastructural, legal, and human factors. The authors identify key challenges in developing decision models and analyse the types of risks associated with oversized transport, emphasizing those factors that significantly affect risk assessment. The proposed decision model supports route selection by incorporating road infrastructure parameters, organizational constraints, and probabilistic factors that describe the likelihood of hazards. To operationalize the model, the authors developed a block diagram outlining a procedure that allows the application of exact, approximate, or heuristic algorithms. The results of the analysis confirm that minimizing the risk of undesirable events is the primary criterion in the decision-making process. Ultimately, the model enables more informed decisions regarding route and transport mode selection, serving as a practical tool to enhance the management of oversized transport operations.