The chapter provides a brief overview of the ‘Islam-West’ discourse, its history and how the relation developed through different stages. It discusses the development of the West as a giant civilization and the influence of the Greece (the cradle of the West) upon the West. The chapter provides an outlook of the socio-political conditions of the Muslim during the eighteenth century, colonization (its impact on socio-political, educational and linguistic arenas), decolonization, neo-colonization and Napoleon’s expedition of Egypt (1798–99) which exposed the Muslim world to the West. It discusses the factors such as Orientalism and Crusades and their role in shaping the discourse and the perception regarding the other. The chapter also gives an account of the emergence of Islamic revivalism and the reactions from the different corners of the Muslim world against the onslaught of imperialism.