Emotion Recognition and the Law: Bridging Technology and Human Rights
摘要
Emotions and facial expression recognition (FER) technologies are also some of the highest-demanding technologies aided by AI, which help to interpret human emotions through facial gestures for analyzing human behavior and processing them further for automated decision making. Though this technology has a widespread application in industries like healthcare, marketing, security, and education, it is, however, associated with some ethical and privacy concerns, as it works on personal biometric data and the chances of being influenced and monitored by others without seeking their individual consent. By gathering and analyzing the individual facial signs in the form of primary data, FER techniques frequently operate in opaque ways and thus raise some major ethical concerns, like consent, autonomy, transparency, and fairness. On the other hand, the universality and regional effectiveness of artificial models (used to recognize emotions) remained always questionable as they highly rely on assumptions without taking into account the cross-cultural aspects and human psychological facts under the fields of races, gender, and different age groups. This can further lead to diversified inequalities, communal disagreement, and adverse social implications. Therefore, it is high time to evaluate the existing FER technologies with the integration of AI through the dual lenses of human ethics and law. Hence, this chapter tries to give some glimpse of the lacunas in the existing systems, and thus a comprehensive regulatory framework is to be proposed by considering the current legislation both at the regional and international levels in order to maintain the human values and individual dignity.