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The transition toward Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) offers opportunities for sustainability by reducing environmental impact through improved energy management. This systematic literature review (SLR) investigates the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) to optimize performance in ZEBs. IoT-enabled BEMS facilitate automated environmental regulation and real-time diagnostics, enhancing operational efficiency and reliability. The review synthesizes findings from 35 empirical studies, identifying key IoT component implementation challenges, including scalability, interoperability, cost, and data security. While IoT integration holds substantial potential for advancing sustainability, barriers such as retrofit complexity, policy constraints, and weather sensitivity must be addressed. This work provides actionable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, and outlines future research directions, including AI-based optimization and alignment with Industry 4.0 frameworks.

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The Application and Challenges of IoT in Zero Energy Building’s Energy Management Systems

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • S. de Villiers,
  • J. P. van Deventer

摘要

The transition toward Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) offers opportunities for sustainability by reducing environmental impact through improved energy management. This systematic literature review (SLR) investigates the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) to optimize performance in ZEBs. IoT-enabled BEMS facilitate automated environmental regulation and real-time diagnostics, enhancing operational efficiency and reliability. The review synthesizes findings from 35 empirical studies, identifying key IoT component implementation challenges, including scalability, interoperability, cost, and data security. While IoT integration holds substantial potential for advancing sustainability, barriers such as retrofit complexity, policy constraints, and weather sensitivity must be addressed. This work provides actionable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, and outlines future research directions, including AI-based optimization and alignment with Industry 4.0 frameworks.