Fixed-Term Work on Manors in Southern Finland, 1600–1800: Servants, Crofters, and Landless Labourers in Qvidja and Esbogård
摘要
The manor was a complex social environment where the workforce consisted of servants, crofters, tenant farmers, craftsmen, and various kinds of workers and landless labourers. In this chapter, I examine what kind of work was available on manors in Finland during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as well as what kind of groups worked on them. Based on case studies focusing on the Qvidja and Esbogård manors, I investigate which groups in the workforce can be regarded as short-term labourers and how the workforce changed during the researched period. Short-term work or parallel occupations were very common on manors, and no great change occurred regarding work tasks for short-term labourers. The number of servants increased in the second half of the eighteenth century when manorial lords and ladies became increasingly involved in running the manors. Day labour service was an important part of short-term labour on manors. To improve the availability of the workforce, many crofts were established in the mid-eighteenth century. Insecurity, a general short-term aspect in life, and the use of common resources seem generally to have been crucial elements for the workforce on manors.