One of the vital coastal ecosystem is the mangrove which delivers ecological services like carbon sequestration and flood protection; they are also home to various aquatic creatures while offering livelihoods to coastal communities. However, these ecosystems are threatened because of anthropogenic factors and environmental changes resulting from sea-level rise and climate variability. The impacts of global sea-level rise and tidal changes on mangroves is the focus of this study with emphasis on Mumbai Mangroves. Besides that, OXIGEN (Observing and eXamining IoT-based Green Environment Nodes) an IoT-based system was introduced for monitoring important environmental parameters in a Mangrove ecosystem, including salinity, soil nutrient concentration, water levels, pH values, etc. It combines an array of sensors, modular design, and wireless data transmission to make real-time monitoring of factors affecting Mangrove possible. ARIMA and SARIMA statistical models were developed to predict the fluctuations of the parameters under rise in sea levels and tide heights. Results showed the impact of rising sea levels on soil chemistry as an increase in salinity and phosphorus concentration and decrease in nitrogen concentration was observed with increase in water depths. High accuracy came from time-series predictions, with ARIMA performing better than SARIMA for pH prediction but SARIMA had a higher accuracy rate compared to ARIMA for the prediction of salinity and macronutrient concentration with change in water depths. This elucidates how a data-driven approach can help policymakers and environmental campaigners take action to mitigate the impact of climate change on coastal mangrove ecosystems. This also laid a foundation for an economical means of real-time monitoring of mangroves and strong support for the sustainable management of ecosystems.

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Investigation of Tidal Impacts on Mangrove Health and IoT-Driven System for Conservation

  • Keyaan Shah,
  • Suraj Sharma

摘要

One of the vital coastal ecosystem is the mangrove which delivers ecological services like carbon sequestration and flood protection; they are also home to various aquatic creatures while offering livelihoods to coastal communities. However, these ecosystems are threatened because of anthropogenic factors and environmental changes resulting from sea-level rise and climate variability. The impacts of global sea-level rise and tidal changes on mangroves is the focus of this study with emphasis on Mumbai Mangroves. Besides that, OXIGEN (Observing and eXamining IoT-based Green Environment Nodes) an IoT-based system was introduced for monitoring important environmental parameters in a Mangrove ecosystem, including salinity, soil nutrient concentration, water levels, pH values, etc. It combines an array of sensors, modular design, and wireless data transmission to make real-time monitoring of factors affecting Mangrove possible. ARIMA and SARIMA statistical models were developed to predict the fluctuations of the parameters under rise in sea levels and tide heights. Results showed the impact of rising sea levels on soil chemistry as an increase in salinity and phosphorus concentration and decrease in nitrogen concentration was observed with increase in water depths. High accuracy came from time-series predictions, with ARIMA performing better than SARIMA for pH prediction but SARIMA had a higher accuracy rate compared to ARIMA for the prediction of salinity and macronutrient concentration with change in water depths. This elucidates how a data-driven approach can help policymakers and environmental campaigners take action to mitigate the impact of climate change on coastal mangrove ecosystems. This also laid a foundation for an economical means of real-time monitoring of mangroves and strong support for the sustainable management of ecosystems.