In this study, the marble waste chalk soil from Guangxi was used as an object to systematically investigate the pore structure evolution law by setting four initial water contents and four percussion powers, preparing 16 sets of saturated specimens, and combining the techniques of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mercury-in-Pressure. The results show that the pore distribution curves of marble waste powder soil under different specimen preparation methods have obvious bimodal characteristics, with significant differences in the volumes of the primary and secondary peaks. The initial water content significantly regulates the pore density and the dominant pore diameter, when the water content increases, the main peak pore density decreases by 68.8%, the dominant pore diameter decreases to 1.60 μm, and the pore connectivity decreases under the high water content. The increase of the hammering power significantly compresses the pore space, and the density of the main peak decreases linearly with the increase of the energy. When the compaction power increases, the main peak density decreases to 0.00514, the pore size distribution curve is shifted to the left, and the percentage of microporous space is increased. The study provides theoretical support for the resource utilization of construction waste and the development of green building practices.