The first chapter proposes the exercise of analysing two cases about reproductive rights using a decision-making mechanism with five criteria. The aim is to illustrate the challenges of the real world and the paradoxical need to resort to both ideal and non-ideal responses. The issue is why we must resort to such different kinds of theories, whether this is contradictory or problematic, and to assess how justified it is to draw on theories of such differing natures The first case exemplifies non-ideal decision making. It is a case of conscientious objection following a request for a legal abortion after rape. In such cases it is argued that a non-ideal theory must be used. The second case deals with the situation of research with pregnant or potentially pregnant people and the absence of legal and safe abortions in case they have to resort to them. In the latter situations, on the contrary, one must appeal to the ideal theory.